A plain guide to the main natural ingredient types, what each is used for, and what to check.
Made by extracting active compounds from plant material, often supplied as powder or liquid and sometimes standardised to a marker compound. Common in Ayurvedic, nutraceutical and cosmetic products. Check the marker percentage, solvent residues, heavy metals and microbial limits.
Concentrated aromatic oils from plants, commonly obtained by steam distillation. Used in fragrance, flavour, personal care and aromatherapy. Check botanical name, origin, purity and the supplier's test report, since adulteration is a known risk.
Fixed oils pressed from seeds, nuts or fruit, used as a base in cosmetics, hair oils and Ayurvedic oils. Check whether the oil is cold pressed or refined, plus appearance, odour and relevant test values.
Plant fats that are solid at room temperature, such as shea, mango, kokum and cocoa butter. Check whether refined or unrefined, melting behaviour, odour and storage needs.
Flavour and pungency concentrates from spices, used in food and some personal care products. Specify the strength and carrier you need.
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